Research Highlights

Research highlights provide high-level technical summaries of published journal articles discussing climate research. This page includes highlights with LLNL project leads or where LLNL scientists significantly contributed to the work.

For more climate-related research highlights, visit the following Office of Science websites:

LLNL research highlights

Publication date	Title	Summary
2019-01-08	Model Consensus Projections of US Regional Hydroclimates Under Greenhouse Warming	Ensemble averages of CMIP5 future climate simulations imply increasing aridification of U.S. Southern Tier regions.
2019-02-20	Using Ground-Based Observations to Understand How Low Cloud Reflectivity Responds to Warming	ARM observations shed light on the processes behind the low cloud response to warming.
2019-03-01	Three Anniversaries Important for Climate Science	Celebrating the 40th anniversary of three key events in climate change science.
2019-03-04	The effect of land heterogeneity and background wind on shallow-to-deeper convection transition	Using idealized large-eddy simulations that can reveal detailed cloud processes from a few tens of meters to a few tens of kilometers, U.S. Department of Energy scientists investigated two environmental factors that may change the fate of fair-weather shallow cumulus clouds.
2019-03-15	The DOE E3SM Coupled Model Version 1: Overview and Evaluation at Standard Resolution	A study documents and evaluates the performance of E3SMv1, the first version of the DOE Energy Exascale Earth System Model.
2019-03-18	Using ground-based observations to understand how low-cloud reflectivity responds to warming	Department of Energy (DOE) scientists, together with scientists from Colorado State University and State University of New York – Albany, analyzed multiple ground-based retrievals of cloud properties to quantify how low-cloud reflectivity responds to changes in temperature.
2019-03-18	Detailing Aerosol-Cloud-Radiation Interactions using Simple Diagnostics	Here we show how the effective radiative forcing due to aerosol-radiation interactions (ERFari) and due to aerosol-cloud interactions (ERFaci) can be computed and partitioned among its various contributions using standard climate model output.
2019-03-18	Progressing Emergent Constraints on Future Climate Change	This perspective piece provides a means of evaluating whether Emergent Constraints are “real” and can lead to a reduction of uncertainty surrounding future climate.
2019-04-01	Quantifying the Agreement Between Observed and Simulated Extratropical MModes of Interannual Variability	Exploring several viable approaches, a new analysis method, the “Common Basis Function” approach, has been implemented.
2019-05-01	Twentieth century hydroclimate changes consistent with human influence	A signal of greenhouse-gas-forced change is robustly detectable in reconstructions of the Palmer drought severity index.
2019-05-26	Understanding differences of ECOR and EBBR measurements and their impact on large-scale forcing	Surface latent (LH) and sensible (SH) heat fluxes are the key elements in characterizing heat and water exchanges between the atmosphere and the underlying surface.
2019-10-01	Improving Assessments of Reduced-Precision Calculations	A study introduces a correctness-assessment method that inexpensively ensures the quality of climate simulations.
2019-10-01	Quantifying Stochastic Ucertainty in Detection Time of Human-Caused Climate Signals	Comparing anthropogenic fingerprint detection time in satellite data and in Large initial condition Ensembles.
2019-11-08	The DOE E3SM Coupled Model Version 1: Description and Results at High Resolution	This study documents the first coupled high-resolution simulation of the E3SMv1 model.
2019-11-25	What are the Causes of Equatorial Pacific Cold Sea Surface Temperature Bias?	Scientists at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, along with collaborators from the National Center for Atmospheric Research, identify possible causes for the large cold SST bias seen in many global climate model (GCM) or earth system model (ESM) simulations over the equatorial Pacific.
2019-11-28	Climate Model Climatology Controls Future Changes in Clouds and Relative Humidity	Accurate climate model representation of the current climate is important for reliable climate projections.
2020-01-06	Model Quality Impacts Projections of Summer Rainfall	Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and University of Hawai’i scientists have developed a Gaussian approach for evaluating climate change perturbations to precipitation that equally weights models irrespective of the different number of realizations available from each model.
2020-01-07	Latest Earth System Models Predict More Global Warming than their Predecessors	Climate sensitivity—the global warming due to a doubling of carbon dioxide—has been uncertain for decades; this quantity has increased substantially in the latest generation of earth system models.
2020-01-13	Regional moisture budget and land-atmosphere coupling over the U.S. Southern Great Plains	Using 10-year warm-season observations at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Southern Great Plains (SGP) site, U.S. Department of Energy scientists and collaborators investigated the large-scale atmospheric moisture budget for remotely and locally forced convective events.
2020-01-28	The Technical Specification of the CMIP6 Data Request	The expansion of CMIP6 required a more systematic approach across the 316 experiments and 22 satellite Model Intercomparison Projects (MIPs).
2020-05-06	Documenting CMIP6 Models and Simulations	In addition to the marked expansion of the CMIP6 project when contrasted to earlier phases, there has also been an improvement to the harmonization and standardization of approaches across the project.
2020-05-18	Understanding the simulated phase partitioning of arctic single-layer, mixed-phase clouds in E3SM	This study examines the impact of parameterization changes in heterogeneous ice nucleation, turbulence and shallow convection, and cloud microphysics on microphysical and macrophysical properties of arctic mixed-phase clouds in E3SM version 1 (E3SMv1) compared to CAM5.
2020-05-26	Hadley Circulation Changes Depend on Surface Temperature Anomaly Patterns	Whether the Hadley circulation expands poleward or contracts equatorward with warming depends on details of the underlying spatial pattern of warming.
2020-06-02	Separating Natural From Externally-Forced Contributions to Observed Cloud Cover Trends	Satellite-observed cloud trends contain a mix of forced and internally-generated changes. Over most regions the latter dominates, underscoring the need for caution in constraining cloud feedbacks from observed decadal trends.
2020-06-08	A powerful framework to evaluate the physical parameterizations of large-scale models	With the single-column model approach and the combination of advanced ARM remote-sensing observations and large-eddy simulation (LES), U.S. Department of Energy scientists identified the issues and causes of unrealistic vertical structure of precipitation in atmospheric model simulations, and suggested alternative physically consistent model settings that can improve the simulation of precipitation in marine stratocumulus clouds.
2020-06-16	MJO Propagation Across the Maritime Continent	We propose a new metric that is designed to indicate the robustness of Madden-Julian Oscillation propagation over the Maritime Continent.
2020-06-18	Treating the effect of sloping terrain in the constrained variational analysis	This study enhances an atmospheric constrained variational analysis by using a terrain-following sigma vertical coordinate and investigates the impact on the derived large-scale forcing fields and simulated shallow-cumulus clouds.
2020-07-06	Human Influence on Joint Changes in Temperature, Rainfall and Continental Aridity	Greenhouse gas emissions and particulate pollution have influenced the global changes in temperature, precipitation and regional aridity in two distinct ways.
2020-07-06	Observed Sensitivity of Low Cloud Radiative Effects to Meteorological Perturbations over the Global Oceans	Scientists at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in collaboration with colleagues at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Science Systems and Applications, Inc., and NASA Langley Research Center analyzed satellite cloud observations to shed light on the physical processes responsible for variations in low-level clouds and their radiative effects over the global oceans.
2020-07-07	Observations for Model Intercomparison Project (Obs4MIPs): Status for CMIP6	A project for coordinating the identification, documentation, and dissemination of observations used for climate model evaluation. Data (and tech notes) are accessible with the distributed CMIP model output via ESGF, adhering to same conventions.
2020-07-16	Improving diurnal cycle of precipitation with a new trigger: ARM observations and SCM tests	In this study, we attempt to understand how well the underlying physical mechanisms of the dCAPE&ULL trigger are supported by the observations and what relative roles dCAPE and ULL play in simulating the diurnal cycle of precipitation in various deep convection regimes with Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) data.
2020-07-17	On the Evolution of Climate Feedbacks and Implied Climate Sensitivity Over Time in Earth System Model Simulations	The radiative damping of warming weakens over time in response to quadrupled CO2 in Earth System Models, leading to increasing implied climate sensitivity. Reasons for this are detailed across two generations of ESMs.
2020-07-31	International Analysis Narrows Range of Climate’s Sensitivity to CO2	By combining more evidence than ever before, a team determined that climate sensitivity is likely between 2.3 and 4.5 °C.
2020-08-05	ARM data-oriented metrics and diagnostics facilitates use of field data in climate model evaluation	Climate model developers often use a set of standard metrics and diagnostics as a way of routinely assessing general model performance or judging the performance of new physical parameterizations.
2020-08-05	Fingerprints of External Forcings on Sahel Rainfall	Aerosols, greenhouse gases, and model-observation discrepancies.
2020-08-17	Considering irrigation improves simulated mesoscale convective systems and low-level jets	This MCS study is among the first to reduce the well-known warm-and-dry model bias through the inclusion of irrigation.
2020-08-17	Human-Induced Changes to the Global Ocean Water Masses and Their Time of Emergence	More than half of the global oceans impacted by climate change.
2020-09-01	Uncertainty in Future Warming is Reduced by Combining Emergent Constraints	Emergent constraints are currently-observable quantities with skill at predicting future climate change.
2020-09-01	Representation of Modes of Variability in Six U.S. Climate Models	With this multi-agency collaboration effort, we compare the performance of several modes of variability across six US climate modeling groups, with a focus on identifying robust improvements in recent models (including those participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) Phase 6) compared to previous versions.
2020-10-01	Different Types of Observations Show Robust Tropospheric Warming and Stratospheric Cooling	Observations from different types of measurement platform may help improve understanding of the rate of satellite-era tropospheric warming.
2020-10-09	CMIP6 Volcanic Forcing Error Quantified to be Smaller than Internal Variability	Using two of the CMIP6-contributing models, we investigate the climate impact of the changes to the forcing dataset (v3 -> v4) undertaken to correct the standing issue.
2020-10-10	Climate Change and the Future Productivity and Distribution of Crab in the Bering Sea	We explore observed and projected future changes in the productivity and distribution for the three largest stocks in the Bering Sea: snow crab, Tanner crab, and Bristol Bay red king crab.
2020-11-04	On the correspondence between seasonal forecast biases and long-term climate biases in sea surface temperature	Scientists at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, along with collaborators from five other modeling groups, examined the correspondence between mean sea surface temperature (SST) biases in seasonal hindcasts and long-term climate simulations from five global climate models (GCMs) to diagnose the degree to which systematic SST biases develop on seasonal time scales.
2020-12-01	Simulated Versus Observed Variability in Tropospheric Temperature	Do climate models underestimate the observed low-frequency variability in tropospheric temperature?
2021-01-01	Impact of Boundary Layer Simulation on Predicting Radioactive Pollutant Dispersion	The results highlight the importance of considering the orographic drag in the simulation, especially over domains having complex topography, when predicting the distribution of radioactive pollutant concentration in case of its accidental release.
2021-01-04	Climate Change Projection in the Twenty-First Century Simulated by NIMS-KMA CMIP6 Model Based on New GHGs Concentration Pathways	The National Institute of Meteorological Sciences-Korea Meteorological Administration (NIMS-KMA) has participated in the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project (CMIP) and provided long-term simulations using the coupled climate model.
2021-01-05	Greater Committed Warming After Accounting for the Pattern Effect	Previous studies have underestimated global warming in the pipeline by neglecting variations in the pattern of surface warming.
2021-01-07	A Better Way to Gain Insights into Climate Model Moist Process Errors	A multi-year short-range hindcast experiment and its experiment design are presented for better evaluation of atmospheric moist processes in climate models from diurnal to interannual time scales to facilitate model development.
2021-01-11	Disproportionate Control on Aerosol Burden by Light Rain	Atmospheric aerosols are of great climatic and environmental importance due to their effects on the Earth’s radiative energy balance and air quality.
2021-01-26	Evaluating the Diurnal and Semidiurnal Cycle of Precipitation in CMIP6 Models Using Satellite- and Ground-Based Observations	The results highlight the improvement in the diurnal cycle of precipitation in CMIP6 models compared to their CMIP5counterparts, which can be attributed to the use of more sophisticated convective parameterizations.
2021-02-01	Evaluating El Niсo in Climate Models With the CLIVAR 2020 ENSO Metrics Package	LLNL has developed a novel web-based interactive visualization of the resulting array of summary statistics and their underlying diagnostics
2021-02-19	New Insights in Climate Science in 2020	A better understanding of Earth’s climate sensitivity is among the past year's most important climate change-related research findings.
2021-03-02	Assessing Prior Emergent Constraints on Surface Albedo Feedback in the Latest Earth System Models	Surface albedo feedbacks in response to greenhouse warming were closely related to the seasonal responses of snow and sea ice in previous model ensembles, making them ideal for observational constraints. Is this still the case in the latest models?
2021-03-05	Interactive Stratospheric Ozone (O3v2) Module for E3SMv2	Evaluation of the interactive stratospheric ozone (O3v2) module in the E3SM version 1 Earth system model.
2021-03-22	Shallow-to-deep convection transition in the ARM GoAmazon observations	The diurnal cycle of convection over land is poorly simulated in most climate models, manifested as a tendency for peak precipitation to occur two to four hours earlier than demonstrated by observations.
2021-03-23	Local land-atmosphere coupling at Southern Great Plains: ARM data and climate model simulations	Accurate representations of the land-atmosphere coupling processes are critical for weather forecasts and climate predictions.
2021-03-23	Effects of coupling a stochastic convective parameterization with the Zhang–McFarlane scheme on precipitation simulation	Researchers show that global climate model precipitation simulations can be much better improved by incorporating a stochastic convective parameterization.
2021-03-30	Natural Variability Helps to Explain the Gap Between Atmospheric Warming in Satellite Observations and Climate Models	Greater modeled-versus-observed warming represents a longstanding discrepancy; new research sheds light on the issue.
2021-05-01	Improving Convection TriggerFunctions in Deep ConvectiveParameterization Schemes UsingMachine Learning	Livermore researchers and collaborators use a machine learning (ML) model to construct a novel convection trigger function trained on the long-term variationally constrained ARM forcing dataset at its Southern Great Plains site in the central US, and the Manaus site in the Amazon basin.
2021-05-17	Observational Constraints on Low Cloud Feedback Reduce Uncertainty of Climate Sensitivity	Satellite cloud observations show that marine clouds amplify global warming.
2021-05-27	Performance changes in extratropical modes of variability across CMIP generations	Researchers gauge the evolution of performance across multiple generations of CMIP, focusing on extratropical modes of variability.
2021-06-01	Effects of Organized Convection Parameterization on the MJO and Precipitation in E3SMv1. Part I: Mesoscale Heating	Researchers implement the heating component of the Multiscale Coherent Structure Parameterization (MCSP) into the Energy Exascale Earth System Model version 1 (E3SMv1).
2021-06-16	What are the Possible Causes of Wet-Season Dry Biases over Amazonia?	This study investigates the causes of pronounced low precipitation bias over Amazonia in the Community Atmosphere Model version 5 (CAM5), a common feature in many global climate models including DOE’s E3SM.
2021-06-29	Satellites may Underestimate Warming in the Troposphere	Complementary observations may help improve understanding of the rate of satellite-era atmospheric warming.
2021-08-29	Projected Changes to Hydroclimate Seasonality in the Continental United States	Projected changes to the annual cycle of many hydroclimate variables could be largely avoided in the lowest-emissions scenario.
2021-08-30	Causes of Polar Amplification in Earth System Models	What causes the Arctic to warm more than the rest of the globe in models, and why do models disagree?
2021-09-10	On the emergence of human influence on surface air temperature changes over India	Warming in India mainly due to greenhouse gas increase but partially offset by anthropogenic aerosols.
2021-10-01	Estimate Ensemble Size for Robust ENSO evaluation in climate models	A framework for designing large ensemble simulations of climate models.
2021-10-01	Learning to Correct Climate Projection Biases	Scientists at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory developed a Regularized Adversarial Domain Adaptation (RADA) deep learning methodology by leveraging a game-theory inspired deep learning approach to improve climate projections.
2021-10-01	Robust evaluation of ENSO in climate models: How many ensemble members are needed?	Lawrence Livermore Lab scientists in the PCMDI developed a new framework for designing large ensemble simulations of climate models focusing on robust El Niсo-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) evaluation.
2021-10-25	Interpreting Modeled Oceans Across CMIP Eras and the Latest Observations	Lawrence Livermore scientists in the Atmospheric, Earth, and Energy Division developed a new framework that allows ocean climate models to be most directly compared across numerous CMIP generations alongside the latest generation observations.
2021-11-01	New Cloud Microphysics Improves the Simulation of Mesoscale Convective Systems	Reducing model bias in simulating mesoscale convective system precipitation by better representing cloud microphysics.
2021-11-29	Long-term single-column model intercomparison of diurnal cycle of precipitation	In this study, 11 single-column versions (SCMs) of state-of-the-art weather forecast and climate models with multi-year ARM data are used to investigate the interactions between convection and environmental conditions, processes that control nocturnal convections, and the transition from shallow to deep convection on a diurnal time-scale.
2022-01-18	What determines the number and the timing of pulses in afternoon precipitation over the Amazon?	Diurnal cycle, one of the dominant modes of tropical convective variability, is closely tied to the global energy budget and water cycle.
2022-01-27	Evaluating Climate Models’ Cloud Feedbacks Against Expert Judgment	The science is now mature enough that we can evaluate cloud feedbacks with ground-truth values determined from independent lines of evidence.
2022-01-28	Estimate Coupled Cloud Feedbacks from Inexpensive Short-Term Atmosphere-Only Simulations	One-year atmosphere-only simulation is enough to capture the inter-model spread of the global mean cloud feedback from computationally expensive fully coupled simulations.
2022-03-24	Speeding up Detection of Climate Response to Emission Reductions	A novel technique halves the time to detect a reduced global warming rate in response to greenhouse gas emission cuts.
2022-03-25	How do land cover and its heterogeneity length scales affect formation of shallow cumulus?	Continental shallow cumulus (ShCu) clouds are tightly coupled with the underlying heterogenous land surface.
2022-04-07	Better Calibration Leads to a Significant Improvement in Model Fidelity	Recalibrating cloud and subgrid representations improves model projections of the base climate, aerosol-cloud interactions, and cloud feedbacks.
2022-04-12	Superior Daily and Sub-Daily Precipitation Statistics for Intense and Long-Lived Storms in Global Storm-Resolving Models	In this study, scientists at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, investigated how well these GSRMs simulate daily and sub-daily precipitation statistics, and compared their performance with coarser-resolution models (~25-500 km).
2022-06-29	Continental shallow cumulus cloud detection using GOES-16 satellite and ground-based stereo cameras	To advance our understanding of the formation of continental shallow cumulus clouds (ShCu) and their coupling with the underlying surface, continuous ShCu observations are greatly needed, especially those that can resolve the daytime variation in cloud life cycles and cloud sizes over vast areas with heterogenous land types.
2022-07-05	Benchmarking Simulated Precipitation Variability Amplitude across Timescales	We developed objective performance metrics that measure precipitation variability amplitude across timescales from sub-daily to interannual and found many CMIP 5 and 6 models overestimate the forced variability amplitude (e.g., diurnal cycle and annual cycle) while they underestimate the internal variability amplitude, especially for higher frequency variability.
2022-08-08	Correcting numeric parameters in microphysics scheme improved WRF performance	Researchers found an inherent numerical error in the ice microphysics processes of WDM6 and corrected it by re-driving the theoretical formula.
2022-08-26	Evaluating uncertainty in aerosol forcing of tropical precipitation shifts	Stronger aerosol radiative forcing values lead to larger tropical precipitation shifts in the future, but this relationship is ambiguous during the historical period.
2022-09-11	Detailing Cloud Property Feedbacks With a Regime-Based Decomposition	The marriage of two diagnostic techniques brings new insights into the processes driving cloud feedbacks.
2022-09-15	Robust anthropogenic signal identified in the seasonal cycle of tropospheric temperature	Despite decadal variability, anthropogenic influence on the seasonal cycle of tropospheric temperature is evident.
2022-11-11	Quantification of human contribution to soil moisture-based terrestrial aridity	Long-term terrestrial aridity changes were detected, attributed, and projected using multi-source merged multi-layer soil moisture products and CMIP6 factorial simulations.
2022-11-21	Reconciling model-satellite differences in tropical atmospheric warming	Model-versus-satellite warming difference is explained by natural climate variations and biases in the prescribed model forcing.
2022-11-27	Evaluation of Simulated Cloud Phase in EAMv2 at High Latitudes	Researchers utilized a satellite simulator to consistently evaluate model simulated high latitude clouds in the first and second versions of the Energy Exascale Earth System Model atmosphere model (EAMv1 and EAMv2) with satellite observations.
2022-12-01	DOE Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM) Version 2	A study documents and evaluates the performance of E3SMv2, the second version of the DOE Energy Exascale Earth System Model.
2023-02-08	Explaining Forcing Efficacy With Pattern Effect and State Dependence	The warming response to a unit radiative forcing varies across forcing agents because they induce different warming patterns, leading to different feedbacks.
2023-02-28	Aerosol-boundary-layer interaction modulated entrainment process	This study proposes a new mechanism of aerosol-entrainment coupling that demonstrates the interactions between aerosols and the entrainment process and highlights the importance of accounting for this effect in numerical model simulations of the boundary layer.
2023-03-02	Ocean property transformation as a climate evaluator	In collaboration with Princeton and NOAA-GFDL colleagues, Lawrence Livermore Lab scientists developed a new framework for evaluating ocean water mass changes.
2023-04-19	Cloud-surface coupling modulates boundary-layer development	The contrasting effects of decoupled and coupled clouds on the development of the planetary boundary layer (PBL) are discovered, advancing our knowledge and understanding of boundary-layer processes and cloud dynamics.
2023-05-08	Human Fingerprints in the Sky	Scientists at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, in collaboration with colleagues from nine other institutions, assessed the pattern similarity between modeled and observed atmospheric temperature changes.
2023-06-06	Observational Constraints on the Cloud Feedback Pattern Effect	Scientists at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory have determined from observations how much stronger the cloud feedback is in response to the homogeneous greenhouse warming pattern compared to that in response to the heterogeneous warming pattern observed recently.
2023-06-06	Rapidly evolving aerosol emissions are a dangerous omission from near-term climate risk assessments	Researchers demonstrate how anthropogenic aerosol-driven complex responses constitute a major missing element in society’s ability to prepare for future climate change and discuss ways forward.
2023-07-03	CERESMIP: Investigating Recent Trends in Earth’s Energy Imbalance (EEI)	In collaboration with a team of US, UK, Canadian, Japanese, German, and Australian collaborators, Lawrence Livermore Lab scientists have defined a new model intercomparison protocol to assess changes to top-of-atmosphere (ToA) radiant fluxes in response to ongoing climate change.
2023-07-12	Human-Driven Ocean Change: More Than Just Warming	A new global ocean ecosystem review revisits the role of human-driven ocean property changes.
2023-07-27	Evaluation of Arctic and Antarctic Mixed-Phase Cloud Properties in E3SMv2 using ARM Observations	By developing a novel sampling and collocation method to consistently compare the E3SMv2 simulated and ARM retrieved stratiform mixed-phase cloud properties, researchers identified that the simulated cloud morphology and their hemispheric difference are better simulated than the cloud phase partitioning between liquid and ice compared to observations.
2023-08-09	Comparison of methods to estimate aerosol effective radiative forcings in climate models	PCMDI Scientists and colleagues at the University of Leeds have identified biases in previously published estimates of aerosol radiative forcing in climate models, produced corrected estimates across a suite of climate models, and provided code for the scientific community to also compute them.
2023-09-01	Contributions to regional precipitation change and its polar-amplified pattern under warming	PCMDI scientists and colleagues at California Institute of Technology, UC Santa Cruz, and University of Washington have diagnosed the reasons why the polar regions experience the largest relative change in precipitation in response to increased greenhouse-gas concentrations, and why this varies substantially across models.
2023-09-14	Explainable Neural Networks Can Identify Decadal Variability in Midlatitude Subseasonal Forecasts of Opportunity Provided by the Tropics	Exploring decadal variability in midlatitude subseasonal forecasts of opportunity using explainable AI.
2023-10-01	Improving Climate Variability Simulation in E3SM by Incorporating the Dynamical Effect of Large-Scale Vertical Motion on Convection	A convective mass flux adjustment approach is proposed to represent the dynamical effects of large-scale circulation (vertical motion) on convection in E3SM.
2023-10-17	Assessment of warm and dry bias over ARM SGP site in E3SMv2 and E3SM-MMF	In this study, climate researchers diagnosed the summertime warm and dry bias at the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement user facility's Southern Great Plains observatory in version 2 of DOE's global climate model E3SM (E3SMv2) and multiscale modeling framework version of E3SMv2 (E3SM-MMF).
2023-10-31	Patterns of Surface Warming Matter for Climate Sensitivity	PCMDI Scientists and colleagues highlight the key historical developments, open questions, and promising avenues for progress in the study of the effect of surface warming patterns on Earth’s energy balance.
2023-11-01	Steady Global Surface Warming Through 2022, After a Recent Step Up in Warming Rate	Filtering out internal climate variability reveals that warming has proceeded at a steady rate over recent decades.
2023-11-17	Summertime near-surface temperature biases over the central United States in convection-permitting simulations	An analysis suggests that land-atmosphere interactions play an important role for kilometer-scale models to simulate realistic summertime T2m and precipitation.
2023-12-15	Internal Variability Amps Up Arctic Amplification	Accounting for natural climate variability using machine learning reconciles the model-versus-observation discrepancy in Arctic amplification from 1980-2022.
2024-01-04	Assessment of CMIP5 and 6 cloud and radiation simulations using ARM observations	In this study, the simulations of clouds and surface radiation from 10 CMIP6 models and their CMIP5 predecessors are compared to ARM ground-based observations over different climate regions.
2024-01-05	Summertime near-surface temperature biases over the central U.S. in convection-permitting simulations	Scientists at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, in collaboration with scientists from Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, and the UK Met Office, studied to understand the causes of warm biases in T2m and related underestimates of precipitation, including that from MCSs with CPM simulations.
2024-01-10	Understanding Changes in Cloud Simulations from E3SM Version 1 to Version 2	Scientists at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, along with collaborators from scientists from Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and Brookhaven National Laboratory, examined the model behavior change in clouds from E3SMv1 to v2.
2024-01-16	Truly Conserving with Conservative Remapping Methods	Conservative mapping of data from one horizontal grid to another (“conservative regridding”) may be essential when exchanging mass and energy between coupled model components and in monitoring a model’s energy imbalance.
2024-01-22	Evaluating Cloud Feedback Components in Observations and Their Representation in Climate Models	An apples-to-apples comparison of climate models against observations helps reveal errors in simulated cloud feedbacks.
2024-02-03	Significance of Improved Initialization in Climate Models for Subseasonal-to-Seasonal Precipitation Prediction	Scientists at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory within the Atmospheric, Earth, and Energy Division, along with collaborators from scientists from Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, University of California Los Angeles, and Tsinghua University, examined the impact of initial conditions on subseasonal-to-seasonal (S2S) precipitation prediction in two climate models, including E3SMv1.
2024-02-09	Diurnal cycle of precipitation over the tropics and central U.S.	U.S. Department of Energy scientists and collaborators at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory evaluated the performance of a number of general circulation models (GCMs) in simulating the diurnal cycle of precipitation (DCP) in both climate (atmosphere-only) mode and short-term (5-day) weather hindcast mode.
2024-03-08	Decoding the dialogue between clouds and land through boundary-layer processes	Based on a series of previous research, this article revisits and challenges the conventional understanding of how clouds form and engage with the Earth's surface.
2024-03-21	Diurnal cycle of aerosol indirect effect for warm boundary-layer clouds explained by cloud memory	This study reveals a “U-shaped” daytime variation of aerosol indirect effect with clouds more susceptible to perturbations in the cloud droplet number concentration at noon, and less susceptible in the morning and evening.
2024-04-12	Relationships between cloud and land surface fluxes across cumulus and stratiform coupling	In our study, we systematically explored the multifaceted relationships between land surface fluxes and low-cloud formation across different cloud regimes.